Dog Ear Hematoma: Symptoms, Signs, and Treatment Options
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| Dog Ear Hematoma Symptoms, Signs, and Treatment Options |
The ears are a crucial aspect of a dog's anatomy. They serve to capture sound and maintain equilibrium. The visible portion, known as the "pinna" or "earflap," varies in size and shape among breeds. Functioning as a conduit for sound, it also acts as a barrier against foreign particles entering the ear canal. However, this susceptibility exposes the pinna to potential harm, such as developing an aural hematoma, commonly called a dog ear hematoma.
Dogs experiencing allergies or ear infections may vigorously scratch or shake their heads, leading to the rupture of blood vessels within the pinna. Consequently, blood accumulates beneath the skin, resulting in a dog ear hematoma. Online searches for "ear hematoma dog" often yield images showcasing a dog's ear's red and inflamed interiors.
Blood in the earflap can cause significant pain and discomfort for your furry friend. That's why it's essential to promptly seek veterinary attention. Ignoring a hematoma could lead to irreversible damage, so acting quickly is best. Learn more about dog ear hematomas' symptoms, causes, and treatment options.
Symptoms of An Ear Hematoma in Dogs
A hematoma is a buildup of blood beneath the skin, typically following tissue or organ trauma. According to Dr. Jamie Whittenburg, DVM, from Kingsgate Animal Hospital in Lubbock, TX, an ear hematoma manifests as a swollen, enlarged section of the earflap. Alongside a soft and spongy ear sensation, pet owners may observe unpleasant odors or discharge, particularly in concurrent ear infections.
Described by Dr. Linda Simon, MVB MRCVS, a member of the British Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons, a hematoma resembles a "water balloon within the earflap." Dr. Simon further explains that its size can range from that of a grape to as large as an orange.
Ear hematomas can develop in one or both ears, presenting various symptoms such as:
- Intense head shaking
- Ear discomfort or pain
- Soft and squishy feel to the ear
- Decreased appetite
- Presence of crust or debris in the ear
- Redness and swelling
- Thickened and warm skin in the affected area
Although any dog breed can experience an ear hematoma, it's more prevalent in dogs with droopy ears. Longer ears are prone to injury during vigorous head shaking, significantly as they can impact the delicate skin of the pinna. Additionally, floppy ears tend to retain moisture or debris, fostering conditions ideal for bacterial, yeast, or ear mite growth.
Causes of Aural Hematoma
An ear hematoma may develop due to repetitive head shaking or scratching, resulting in the rupture of blood vessels within the pinna. This occurrence is common among dogs and can be triggered by various factors, including allergies, bacterial or yeast infections, or trauma such as bites or insect stings. As blood accumulates between the skin and cartilage of the earflap, swelling ensues, explains Dr. Simon.
Dr. Whittenburg highlights that the primary cause of pinna injury is often an ear infection. "It can also result from trauma like a dog bite," she adds. Moreover, if foreign objects like dirt or insects enter the ear canal, dogs may vigorously shake their heads to remove them, putting them at risk of developing an aural hematoma.
If your dog displays signs of excessive ear scratching or head shaking, it's advisable to seek veterinary attention to identify the underlying cause. During the examination, your vet will inspect the ears and may collect samples for microscopic examination. Once the source of the infection is determined, appropriate treatment options can be recommended.
Treatment for Dog Ear Hematoma
According to Dr. Whittenburg, treatment options for dog ear hematomas vary and may include surgical intervention, cannulization, oral medications, or injection of medication directly into the hematoma. Cannulization entails the insertion of a tube into the hematoma to facilitate blood drainage. "The appropriate treatment for your dog depends on various factors, including age, health status, and the hematoma size," she elaborates.
In uncomplicated cases, veterinarians may drain the ear hematoma using a needle or treat it effectively with oral steroids. Dr. Simon notes that they may also administer steroid injections to prevent hematoma recurrence. Often, multiple drainage sessions may be necessary. Consequently, surgical intervention offers a more effective solution, reducing the need for repeated vet visits.
"For larger or persistent hematomas, minor surgical procedures like suturing the earflap together for a brief period may be required," explains Dr. Simon. Surgical treatment involves anesthesia administration and typically encompasses incision, blood drainage, skin suturing, and application of a supportive bandage to aid earflap healing. Since hematomas often stem from an underlying ear issue, she adds that additional treatment, such as antibiotic ear drops or anti-inflammatory medications, may be necessary for your dog's recovery.
How to Treat a Dog Ear Hematoma at Home
"A small ear hematoma may resolve spontaneously," notes Dr. Whittenburg. In such instances, the body may reabsorb the hematoma. However, she emphasizes that addressing the underlying cause is essential to prevent recurrence. Larger ear hematomas should not be left untreated as they can cause discomfort for your dog and may lead to further self-inflicted injury if they vigorously shake their head.
Dr. Simon cautions against attempting to treat an aural hematoma at home. "However, you can minimize the risk of further trauma by shielding the ear with a buster collar," she advises. Additionally, cleaning the ear with an ear cleaner and ensuring it remains dry can alleviate your dog's discomfort. Following treatment, the veterinarian will provide a discharge sheet detailing prescribed medications and their duration, along with instructions on utilizing a pressure bandage or buster collar, she explains.
Ear Hematoma Prognosis and Prevention
If left untreated, an ear hematoma can risk infection, as highlighted by Dr. Simon. This can lead to a decline in the dog's overall well-being, marked by symptoms such as increased head shaking, scratching, vocalization from pain, or signs of agitation. Furthermore, untreated hematomas may result in the thickening of the earflap and permanent scarring, though this does not pose a fatal risk to the dog, she reassures.
Dr. Whittenburg echoes this sentiment, emphasizing that while ear hematomas are typically not life-threatening, they can cause considerable discomfort to the dog. Moreover, if an underlying ear infection remains untreated, she warns that it could lead to more severe complications, such as hearing loss. While complete prevention of ear hematomas may not always be feasible, maintaining a routine of inspecting and cleaning your dog's ears can aid in the early detection of any changes in their ear health. Should any abnormalities arise, consulting with your veterinarian promptly is crucial.
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